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Muscle and eye movement artifact removal prior to EEG source localization.
Muscle and eye movement artifacts are very prominent in the ictal EEG of patients suffering from epilepsy, thus making the dipole localization of ictal activity very unreliable. Recently, two techniques (BSS-CCA and pSVD) were developed to remove those artifacts. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the removal of muscle and eye movement artifacts improves the EEG dipole source localization. We used a total of 8 EEG fragments, each from another patient, first unfiltered, then filtered by the BSS-CCA and pSVD. In both the filtered and unfiltered EEG fragments we estimated multiple dipoles using RAP-MUSIC. The resulting dipoles were subjected to a K-means clustering algorithm, to extract the most prominent cluster. We found that the removal of muscle and eye artifact results to tighter and more clear dipole clusters. Furthermore, we found that localization of the filtered EEG corresponded with the localization derived from the ictal SPECT in 7 of the 8 patients. Therefore, we can conclude that the BSS-CCA and pSVD improve localization of ictal activity, thus making the localization more reliable for the presurgical evaluation of the patient.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:1002-5. Hallez H, Vergult A, Phlypo R, Van Hese P, De Clercq W, D'Asseler Y, Van de Walle R, Vanrumste B, Van Paesschen W, Van Huffel S, Lemahieu I. Dept. of Electron. & Inf. Syst., Ghent Univ.
At its most basic level, human sexuality involved in instinctual drive to sustain our race. Therefore, for the most part we are sexually attracted to those people with whom we can mate and produce the healthiest offspring. Furthermore, a person is more sexually attractive if we instinctually believe that they are capable of fulfilling their role as either a nurturer for or provider. Even though this may seem to be reducing human sexuality to the animal level, in all actuality that is exactly what it means.
A person who perceives in need to improve their sexuality most likely does not...
Bullying is a condition or situation where one or more people are involved with aggression that is so excessive as cause extreme psychological stress for others. Unfortunately, it is a fact of life in international affairs, politics, organizational dynamics, and with individuals. By its ubiquitous nature it should be obvious that it has always played a role in our society. This, however, does not mean that we should not be concerned.
The predominant problem with bullying is its affect on the victims. When it occurs the recipient must cope and adjust behavior. This can either cause...